A composite approach to produce reference datasets for extratropical cyclone tracks: application to Mediterranean cyclones

Abstract. Many cyclone detection and tracking methods (CDTMs) have been developed in the past to study climatology of extratropical cyclones. However, all CDTMs different approaches defining centers. This naturally leads track climatologies with inconsistent physical characteristics. More than that, it is typical for produce a non-negligible number tracks weak atmospheric features, which do not correspond large-scale or mesoscale vortices can differ significantly between CDTMs. Lack consensus CDTM outputs inclusion significant numbers uncertain therein long prohibited production commonly accepted reference dataset tracks. Such could allow comparable results on analysis storm also contribute evaluation improvement To cover this gap, we present new methodological approach that combines overlapping from produces composite concentrate agreement more one CDTM. In apply methodology 10 well-established were originally applied ERA5 reanalysis 42-year period 1979–2020. We tested sensitivity our spatiotemporal criteria identify tracks, benchmarking reasons, produced five datasets subjectively tracked Results show climatological are substantially lower ones individual CDTMs, while scores remain high (i.e., counting cyclones captured by tracks). Our tend describe intense longer-lasting distinguished early, mature decay stages Ranking according their confidence level (defined contributing CDTMs), shown higher level, long-lasting produced. Given advantage producing physically meaningful distinctive life stages, propose as research Mediterranean. The Supplement provides Mediterranean levels, conclusion discuss adequate use scientific applications.